The Museum Exhibition Hall has four different exhibition sections. Temporary exhibitions are also organized often by using selected objects from the museum storage based on certain themes and in collaboration with other institutions and private exhibitors as well as regional museums in the old building. Lectures and documentary film shows are also presented regularly to visitors of the museum.

The museum displays the most significant discoveries of stone tools, and fossil evidences of hominid species among which a 3.2 million years old fossil nick named LUCY or Denkinesh. Ardi aged about 4.4 million years, Selam which was indicated as the earliest child (baby girl) aged about 3.33 million years can be mentioned. Some of the most famous hominid and other animal fossils found from the Rift Valley and Other Major archaeological sites / Hadar, Middle Awash, Omo basin, Melka Kunture … etc./ dating back to millions of years are displayed in this section. These discoveries attest to the presence of sophisticated way of life of our ancestors in this part of the world. Here, visitors will appreciate the knowhow and sophistication it required to produce and use diverse stone implements. The pre historic part of the museum has rich collection of stone artifacts dealing with human origins.